266 Theories and techniques of oral implantology

less stone or a carborundum disk to shorten it (Fig. 7-16).

Pin implant armanentarium

Whenever pin implants are used to form a triplant or a quadraplant, the following implements are needed.

Drilling instruments. The basic instrument is a latch type, belt-driven contra-angle with a water spray attachment (Fig. 7-17). Usually the pins can be driven into the bone without previous preparation of the site. However, it may be necessary to employ long, narrow twist drills having a slightly narrower diameter than the implant pins if the pins are to be used in very dense mandibular bone (Fig. 7-18).

To engage a pin implant to the head of the con-

Fig. 7-17. The basic instrument for pin insertion is a belt-driven contra-angle with a water spray attachment.

Fig. 7-18. Twist drills for pin implant insertion in dense bone.

tra-angle, specially designed chucks are needed (Fig. 7-19): universal chucks, which fit both the American- and the French-made pins; a starting chuck, which engages almost the entire length of the pin implant and is used to start the pin into the bone; an intermediate chuck, which engages only one-half the implant and is used to drill the pin

Fig. 7-19. Chucks for pin insertion. The longer ones are for use in a straight handpiece, the shorter ones for a contra-angle. The depth of channel indicates how deeply the pin is set in the chuck. Deep channel chucks are used to start the pin in bone, and shallow ones are used for deepest insertion.

Fig. 7-20. Scialom tantalum pins.