The evolution of dental implants 187

Fig. 5-102. A trephine is used to detach plugs of mucosal tissue from the implant sites. (From Cranin, N.: The intramucosal insert—review and progress report, J.A.D.A. 62:658-665, 1961. Copyright American Dental Association. Reprinted by permission.)

Fig. 5-103. A somewhat larger hollow-mill trephine used by Linkow can also be used. A, The trephine positioned under the ridge. B, The resulting implant sites are sharp and clean.

Fig. 5-104. A denture bearing the implant buttons. Note the number and placement of the buttons. (From Cranin, N.: Intramucosal insert--a method of maxillary denture stabilization, J.A.D.A. 57:188, 1958. Copyright American Dental Association. Reprinted by permission.)